Cigarettes news and cigarette current events regarding cigarettes and tobacco products from thousands of sources. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/ en-us Webligo BlogHoster he landmark Surgeon General’s Report that first linked smoking with disease was released in 1964, more than 45 years ago. Within six years, Congress had passed a law to prevent cigarette manufacturers from advertising on radio and television. Since that time, scientific research and aggressive health education efforts have created almost universal awareness among the public of tobacco’s harms. The landscape around tobacco use in America continues to change. Recent examples of progress include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) being granted authority to regulate tobacco in 2009—the most comprehensive tobacco law to date—and more than half of U.S. states passing strong statewide laws protecting people from secondhand smoke and helping motivate smokers to quit. Over the last decade, the federal government and the vast majority of states have also increased excise taxes on tobacco products. (Research has shown that raising cigarette prices is one of the most effective ways to reduce smoking.) During the same period, cigarette manufacturers also incurred new expenses in the form of large legal settlements. For more than a decade, the tobacco industry has faced lawsuit after lawsuit, brought by states and individuals looking for accountability from companies that produce deadly, addictive products and market them to kids. Over and over, the industry has paid settlements running into the billions. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/38402/the_tobacco_paradox.html I  found  very  similar  results when  I  used  the  same  econometric  model  to  estimate  the impact of display bans on smoking prevalence of 15 to 79 year olds. Average  estimated  impact  of  tobacco  control  measures  on smoking  prevalence  for  this  wider  age  group.  This  model  also  performs  very  well explaining more than 90% of the variation in smoking rates between 1987 and 2007. I again found that display bans were not an effective tobacco control measure in Iceland. The estimated impact is negative but very small (less than one percentage point) and not statistically  significant. In  contrast,  these  results  support  the effectiveness of the  introduction of 30/40 health warning labels. As mentioned previously, the estimated coefficient of the 30/40 health warning is likely to be also capturing the impact on smoking prevalence of the introduction of health warning in the mid 1970’s and early 1980’s in Norway and Iceland and in 1993 in Sweden.33 According  to  my  estimates,  tobacco  price  increases  have  a  negative  and  statistically significant relationship with smoking prevalence. In particular, I find that increases  in  the  relative  price  of  tobacco had a negative and significant impact on smoking  rates.  I  estimate  that  a  10  percentage  point increase  in  the  relative  price  of tobacco decreased average smoking rates by 1.7 percentage points. That is, assuming a smoking rate of 20%, an increase in the relative tobacco price index from 110 to 120 is estimated to reduce smoking rates to 18.3%In summary,  the  empirical evidence indicates that  display bans did  not reduce smoking prevalence of 15-24 year olds in Iceland. The same is true for 15-79 year olds. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/29258/smoking_prevalence_of_15_to_79_year_olds.html Be prepared for the possibility of extremely vivid dreams as tobacco odors released by healing mouth tissues, or being swept up bronchial tubes by rapidly healing cilia, come in contact with healing and enhanced senses of smell and taste. See it as the wonderful sign of healing it reflects and nothing more. It has no profound meaning beyond healing. See Marketing as Bait - Your recovery means thousands upon thousands in lost profits to the nicotine addiction industry. They do not want to lose you. See all nicotine product advertising and the hundreds of neatly aligned packs and cartons in stores for what they truly reflect – bait! Hidden within the pretty colored boxes, tins and pouches, and coated by more than 600 flavor additives, is the chemical most dependency experts consider earth’s most captivating. It's Never Too Late - Regardless of how long we have been hooked, how old we are, or how badly we have damaged our body, it is never too late to arrest our dependency, become its master, and commence the most intense period of healing our body has ever known. Delivering at least 1/3 more cancer causing chemicals than oral tobacco, and hundreds of toxic gases, there is no debate but that the cigarette is by far the dirtiest and most deadly nicotine delivery device of all. But  the harms inflicted by even the cleanest nicotine delivery device should not be taken lightly. Not only does nicotine break down into one of the most potent cancer causing agents of all, NNK, it is a super toxin that, drop for drop, is more deadly than diamondback rattlesnake venom, arsenic, strychnine or cyanide. Just 2-3 drops of pure nicotine on the skin (40 to 60mg) is sufficient to kill a 160-pound human. The average smoker introduces 1mg of nicotine into the bloodstream with each cigarette, an amount sufficient to kill a one-pound rat. Is it any wonder that each nicotine fix eats away more of the brain’s gray matter, or that nicotine is capable of damaging or destroying a developing fetus? http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/24810/the_smoking_chewing_or_dipping_dream.html As it relates to nicotine, classical or Pavlovian conditioning is conditioning in which, through repetition, a person, place, thing, activity, time or emotion (a conditioned stimulus or use cue) becomes so paired with using nicotine, until encountering the conditioned use cue alone becomes sufficient to trigger urges and cravings for nicotine. Subconsciously triggered anxieties are the mind's means of commanding that we once again bring nicotine into our body. Like Pavlov's dogs, which he conditioned to expect food and begin salivating upon the ringing of a bell, we each conditioned our subconscious to expect arrival of a new supply of nicotine in specific situations. Researchers have successfully used sight, smell and hearing to establish new conditioned use cues in smokers.  Encountering the new cue triggered use expectations and an urge to smoke, with an increase in pulse rate. Researchers found it easier to establish new cues among light smokers, who obviously had fewer existing cues than heavy smokers. If crave episodes feel real and physical in nature there’s good reason. Although nicotine-feeding cues are psychological in origin, they trigger physiological responses within the body and mind. Not only does using nicotine increase pupil size, researchers found that encountering a visual nicotine use cue will increase pupil size, an autonomic response. Using brain scans, researchers discovered increased blood flow during cue-induced cravings in the brain’s ventral striatum, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus, medial thalamus, and left insula,361 regions associated with “aaah” rewards and anxiety. They also found that the amount of blood flow (perfusion) positively correlated with the intensity of the cue induced cigarette cravings in both the prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate, regions known to control attention, motivation and expectancy. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/23905/nicotine_addiction___classical_conditioning.html Anger apparently peaks for the average quitter at about 48 hours (day 2) and within 72 hours is beginning to return to near pre-cessation levels. Although adrenaline was a non-addictive element of our nicotine high, whether the rational mind uses anger to invoke the body’s fight or flight response, or cessation anger simply reflects the boiling point of anxiety driven fears, the good news is that it only takes a couple of days of recovery patience to begin seeing improvement. Find ways to vent frustrations that won't cause needless hurt to family, loved ones, friends or co-workers. Walk, run, vent into a pillow, find a punching bag, bend a piece of steel, or bite your lip if need be. Share your feelings with family, friends or other support network. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/23696/quitter_anger.html Store tobacco marketing becomes sadly laughable to the trained eye. Extremely effective, it’s a multi-purpose facade through which educated eyes can easily see. The growth portion of its aim is to tease, entice and invite youth experimentation. The pacifying part is to provide justification to dependency-ignorant users as to why they’ve returned to purchase more. And then there are those seeking freedom. It not only proclaims why they shouldn’t, it all but wraps itself around them while trying to purchase fuel, food or medicine. Its aim is to penetrate, stir, inflame and contribute to relapse. Flavor, pleasure, to be true, cool, our gateway to friendship, for adventure, rebellion or unbelievable prices, it shouts that we stand at that counter for every reason except the truth, which is because we must, because mounting nicotine depletion anxieties begin to hurt when we don’t. Think like a tobacco company. Look closely. What subliminal message does each ad or display attempt to pound into the subconscious mind? Where does the “responsible” nicotine merchant provide notice that this chemical may be more addictive and harder to beat than heroin or cocaine, or that it may only take smoking nicotine once or twice to hook us for life? Feel the industry’s economic muscle. It is not only flexed here but making significant campaign contributions inside our legislature. Why would society and its laws allow the nicotine addiction industry to suggest all these reasons for using, yet not require equally prominent display of the truth? What tobacco company won the bidding war at this location? Look at row after row of the same packs or cartons. The winner’s products are usually the ones on top and most visible. Look closely. When are our conscious and subconscious minds first assaulted by use invitations? Are there roadside signs, signs on top of gas pumps, tied to lamp posts, window signs, exterior building wall signs, door signs, signs hanging above candy racks, signs surrounding us as we make our purchase, or on the door as we exit? http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/23263/industry_marketing.html Smokers not only suffer from nicotine addiction but the ravaging effects of thousands of inhaled chemicals upon their respiratory system and body. What was it like to run like the wind, to engage in an extended period of brisk physical activity without becoming seriously winded? What was it like to climb flight after flight of stairs, to play full-court basketball, or chase a child or the family pet without ending up gasping for air? Every now and then I meet a smoker who lets me know that they enjoy running. What they don’t seem to appreciate is the tremendous strain they subject their heart and body to when doing so. It’s a matter of availability of sufficient oxygen to keep vigorously working muscle well fueled and alive. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless toxic gas produced when any carbon-based material is burned, including tobacco. When smoking, the amount of carbon monoxide entering the bloodstream varies greatly (up to 25mg per cigarette) depending upon such factors as how intensely the smoker smokes, whether or not they cover the filter ventilation holes with their lips, and the particular brand smoked. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/23024/forgotten_breathing__endurance.html The reverse is often seen in smokers transferring their dependency to oral tobacco or NRT products, where around-the-clock use becomes possible. “I started out with about 6 pieces a day and now chew about 15 pieces of 2mg per day. Probably more nicotine than when I smoked,” asserts a 48 year-old, three-year female gum user. "There is one in my mouth 24 hours a day, 7 days a week ... yes for real,” claims a 32 year-old, three-year male gum user who chews 40-50 pieces a day and thinks he may "chew more than anyone in the world." Regardless of method of delivery or level of nicotine tolerance, the millions of extra nicotinic-type acetylcholine receptors grown by the addicted brain de-sensitized it to its natural sense of neuro-chemical normal. We were rewired to function with a precise amount of nicotine in our blood stream and lived the reality of “nicotine normal” that we created. Any attempt to stop using it brought potential for a brief emotional train wreck, as we found ourselves not only de-sensitized to nicotine but to life as well. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/22816/method_of_delivery_or_level_of_nicotine_tolerance.html Health warnings are the focus of Article 11 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), the world’s first health treaty. More than 160 countries inhabited by over 80% of the world’s population are parties to the FCTC and are required to implement ‘effective’ policies on health warnings. This report is designed to present policymakers with research evidence from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Policy Evaluation Project, the world’s most extensive research dedicated to evaluating the impact of policies of the FCTC. ITC research findings provide an evidence base that defines the components of effective warning labels and strongly supports the implementation of vivid, pictorial warnings. In short, the ITC Project offers evidence-based answers to the question: “What is effective and what is not effective for policies on health warnings?” Health warnings on cigarette packages are among the most prominent sources of information about the harms of smoking and tobacco use. More smokers report getting information about the risks of smoking from packages than any other source except television. 1 Health warnings are an extremely cost-effective public health intervention compared to other tobacco prevention efforts such as paid mass media advertising, given their tremendous reach and frequency of exposure. Smokers who smoke 20 cigarettes per day, for example, are potentially exposed to the warnings at least 7300 times per year. Non-smokers, including children and youth, also report high exposure and awareness of health warnings on packages. 2 Research conducted by the ITC Project has proven that warning labels are an effective risk communication tool for: 1. Educating/informing smokers and non-smokers about the many negative health consequences of smoking.  2. Motivating and encouraging smokers to quit and non-smokers not to start smoking. 3. Providing information to enhance efficacy for quitting. There is another important reason for implementing strong health warnings on tobacco packages. Tobacco packaging is used by the tobacco industry to reinforce brand imagery, to minimize perceptions of risk, and to suggest incorrectly that some types of cigarettes are less harmful than others (e.g. use of “mild” and lighter colour packages to suggest less harm). Effective warning labels can counteract misleading messages and convey the health risks of smoking and exposure to second hand smoke.i http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/22477/health_warnings.html Tobacco and tobacco products have long been taxed, primarily because the relatively inelastic demand for these products make them an easy source of revenue. In recent decades, however, taxation has been applied to cigarettes and other tobacco products in order to promote health as well as raising revenue. Cigarettes and other tobacco products are taxed in a variety of ways. The most commonly used methods of taxation include specific taxes, value added and other ad valorem taxes, and import duties. Specific taxes (or excise taxes) add a fixed amount to the price of cigarettes while ad valorem taxes are a percentage of the base prices. Cigarette taxes in some countries such as the United States have been imposed by various levels of government, national, state and local level. Governments in nearly every country impose taxes on cigarettes and other tobacco products. The levels of taxes imposed on cigarettes vary from county to county. In the high income countries, tax amounts to two-thirds or more of the retail price of a pack of cigarettes. In the lower-income countries, taxes generally amount to not more than half of the retail prices of cigarettes. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/22100/cigarette_taxes.html Until recently, Zimbabwe had experienced steady economic growth. GDP at 1990 constant price during 1996–1998 was 38 percent higher than that during 1985–1987. Due to variable weather conditions, agricultural production fluctuated year by year but its contribution to GDP remained around 17 percent for 1985–1998. In other word, agriculture has grown at a rate similar to that of the national economy. Zimbabwe is one of the major tobacco exporters in the world. In 1996–1998, average annual exports of tobacco were 127 000 tonnes, of which Virginia accounted for more than 95 percent. Total exports of tobacco increased by 40 percent between 1981–1983 and 1996–1998. The average export revenue during the same period was US$7 875 million, and tobacco has been the largest single export crop in recent decades. Although the share of tobacco in total agricultural exports has declined from its peak of 78 percent in 1992, it still accounted for more than 55 percent of total agricultural exports during 1996–1998.  Among other export crops, cotton and maize experienced significant growth in export revenue. Export earnings from cotton increased nearly 22-fold between 1981–1983 and 1996–1998, while maize increased by nearly 16 times during the same period, and sugar also saw its share in revenue increase sharply. Increases in both planting areas and yields have contributed to a significant increase in output of tobacco over the past decades. Comparing the three-year average 1980–82 with 1998–2000, total output increased by 137 percent, from 95 817 tonnes to 226 970 tonnes. During the same period, planting areas increased from 50 150 ha to 92 685 ha, a rise of 85 percent, while yield increased by about 29 percent, from 1 900 kg/ha to 2 510 kg/ha http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/22002/tobacco_in_zimbabwe.html The First Amendment protects against government infringement  on “the right to speak freely and the right to refrain from speaking at all.” In limited circumstances, however, courts have upheld the government’s ability to dictate the content of mandatory speech. This largely occurs in the commercial context. Under the commercial speech doctrine, the government’s “power to regulate commercial transactions justifies its concomitant power to regulate commercial speech that is ‘linked inextricably’ to those transactions.” Thus, the government may require commercial speech to “appear in such a form, or include such additional information, warnings, and disclaimers, as are necessary to prevent its being deceptive.” Because commercial speech receives a lower level of protection under the First Amendment, burdens imposed on it receive a lower level of scrutiny from the courts.  Although the standard for assessing burdens on commercial speech has varied The Supreme Court’s 78 bottom line is clear: the government must affirmatively demonstrate its means are narrowly tailored” to achieve a substantial government goal. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/21819/first_amendment_protects_against_government_infringement.html The false statements identified by the district court would be important to a reasonable person purchasing cigarettes. The fact that Defendants continually denied any link between smoking and cancer, see, e.g., id. at 204, suggests they themselves considered the matter material. So, too, regarding Defendants’ false statements on other topics, including statements concerning: whether smoking is addictive, whether Defendants manipulated their cigarettes to control nicotine delivery, whether “light” cigarettes were less harmful than other cigarettes, whether secondhand smoke is hazardous to non-smokers, i and whether Defendants concealed scientific research and destroyed documents. Each of these topics is an important consideration for a reasonable person because each concerns direct and significant consequences of smoking. When deciding whether to smoke cigarettes, tobacco consumers must resolve initial reservations (or lingering qualms) about the potential for cancer, the risk of addiction, or the hazardous effects of secondhand smoke for friends, family, and others who may be exposed. Defendants’ prevarications about each of these issues suggests full awareness of this obvious fact; reasonable purchasers of cigarettes would consider these statements important. Defendants further argue that, because the scientific community had reached a consensus regarding the severely adverse health consequences of smoking, their statements to the contrary would not be believed. The question, 40 however, is not whether a reasonable person would have believed Defendants’ false statements, but only whether a reasonable person would have considered the issue “of importance,” and the issues considered by the district court clearly met the materiality threshold. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/21522/health_effects_of_smoking.html http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/21225/lm_tobacco.html Bidis, small hand-rolled cigarettes typically smoked in India and other South-East Asian countries, produce three times more carbon monoxide and nicotine and five times more tar than regular cigarettes. Bidi smokers have a three-fold higher risk of oral cancer compared with non-smokers and are also at increased risk of lung, stomach and oesophageal cancer. Kreteks, clove and tobacco cigarettes most commonly smoked in Indonesia, place smokers at increased risk of acute lung injury. Shisha, tobacco cured with flavourings and smoked from hookahs primarily in the Eastern Mediterranean region, is linked to lung disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Smokers are not the only ones sickened and killed by tobacco. Second-hand smoke also has serious and often fatal health consequences. In the United States, second-hand smoke causes about 3 400 lung cancer deaths and 46 000 heart disease deaths a year. Second-hand smoke is responsible in the United States for an estimated 430 cases of sudden infant death syndrome, 24 500 low-birth-weight babies, 71 900 pre-term deliveries and 200 000 episodes of childhood asthma annually. Smokeless tobacco is also highly addictive and causes cancer of the head and neck, oesophagus and pancreas, as well as many oral diseases. There is evidence that some forms of smokeless tobacco may also increase the risk of heart disease and low-birth-weight babies http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/21056/smoking_risk.html "WHAT YOU'RE LOOKING FOR" A sophisticated adult advertising campaign that used the slogan "What You're Looking For," replaced the infamous Smooth Joe, a cartoon camel that anti-tobacco hated. Mezzina/Brown, the advertising agency responsible for the stylish new ads, put an outline of the camel icon in smoke, condensation, and several other interesting places. With no text used, not even the Camel brand name, the sometimes hidden image of the classic camel is soft-sell at its best. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/20883/what_youre_looking_for.html As with the previous ad, this shows a girl giving the eye to another male whilst in the company of someone else, who is distracted by another woman. The consistent display of such behaviour leads one to wonder whether the typical Kool smoker see everyone as unfaithful. The alternative is the scenario noted above. The Kool smoker thinks of himself as macho but needs his props to sustain the display. Here, in addition to the pack of Kool, he has a tattoo around his wrist. Notably, although semi-subliminally, the tattoo says SEX. The S is clear to the left of the tattoo. The e is large but in lower case and there is an additional character in between the e and the X with part of that character running through the X. Compare this irregular pattern with the illustration on the right. It shows the regularity that could be expected with most tattoos circling the wrist or upper arm. The presentation of such imagery is an indication that the Kool smoker has never heard that smoking impairs, rather than enhances, sexual ability. The most likely source of beliefs that sex and cigarettes 'go together' is likely to be the fallacious ideas promoted by movies and ads such as this. The Scottish Health Education Group once came up with the perfect answer for combating such nonsense and guaranteed to convince any doubting youngster. They suggested one should 'Kiss a non-smoker ..... and taste the difference.' I couldn't agree more. Saves on breath freshener and dry-cleaning bills as well. http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/20762/macho_man_or_mucho_unsure.html 1977 Marlboro Lights Horses Ad Marlboro Lights The spirit of Marlboro in a low tar cigarette. Lighter in taste. Lower in tar. And still offers up the same quality that has made Marlboro famous.  http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/20415/marlboro_lights_horses_ad.html 1941 Camel Ad-IRWIN CHASE PT Boat Designer ELCO THERE'S JUST NO CIGARETTE THAT TASTES SO GOOD AS A CAMEL What Other Cigarette Has All 5? A Quality Blend of choice mild-smoking imported and domestic tobaccos. Firmly Rolled to better filter the smoke. Vacuum-Cleaned to remove small tobacco particles. Rolled in expensive Champagne Paper. Modern Price, your savings will buy a new camera, radio or other luxuries you’ve wanted. DOMINO CIGARETTE “AMERICA’S BEST CIGARETTE BUY” http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/20290/1941_cigarette_ads.html http://cigarettes.bloging.ro/20023/camel_midnight.html